By adhering to a strict and balanced diet diabetes can be cured. Diet for diabetes mellitus will slow down the rate of disease development and will have a beneficial effect on the patient's condition. It must be constantly observed. The main methods of preventing side effects are self-discipline and a varied diabetic menu.
General recommendations
When diabetes has just begun, it is imperative to set limits on foods rich in carbohydrates and sugar, as it can increase blood glucose levels. But still, regardless of the established limitations, the body needs a balanced intake of useful components. In this case, doctors prescribe a diet to the patient. Non-adherence to a diet can negatively affect your health. Of course, the prescribed medication must be taken. But a detailed diet for diabetes, compiled by a doctor, will only improve the physical condition.
To control hunger, you must eat often - at least 5-6 times a day and in small portions, including main meals and snacks.
There are principles of diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. If you have first-degree obesity, it is better to give preference to vegetables and fruits instead of flour or fatty foods. It is more useful to season salads with olive oil with the addition of a few drops of lemon. In order to speed up the metabolic processes of the liver, low-fat cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal and low-fat fish should be present in the diet. It is better to prepare vegetable soups from the first dishes. You should wait with meat broths or cook soups on secondary broth. Consumption of eggs, potatoes, corn should be limited. If there are, then very few and rare. As for salt, the recommended portion per day is less than half a teaspoon. And it is desirable that it is sea salt.
Nutritional characteristics for different categories
The fact is that the purpose of the diet depends on the type of diabetes mellitus and the category to which the person belongs: for children, for pregnant women, for people addicted to insulin or with diabetes, the diet varies. Although the general principles of nutrition apply to all categories, each requires a specific approach to this issue.
Simple foods are the best diet for pregnant women with diabetes.
A strict diet for people with type 1 diabetes, or for people who need insulin, should consist of foods rich in protein and fiber. You will need to limit your intake of salts, fats, fast carbs and foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and also contain sugar.
Unlike diabetes on insulin maintenance, in diabetes mellitus type II diet helps to reduce the caloric content of food and normalize metabolism. With excess blood sugar, such a diet will reduce it. The same diet will be used during the onset of diabetes. The diet of a pregnant woman should be as balanced as possible, without harming the baby. The best diet for the future mother is simple food.
About glycemic index and calories
The nutritional value of a product determines how many beneficial components will be converted into energy for the body. And the food’s glycemic index shows how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed, while at the same time raising blood sugar levels. Therefore, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, you need to eat foods with a low glycemic index, because the carbohydrates available in them have time to be consumed in the body and evenly distributed in it. And the carbohydrates in food with such a high rate contribute to the deposition of fat, they do not have time to fully convert into energy.
In addition to the number of calories, the value of the glycemic index of various foods can be found from tables on a scale from 0 to 100. But to effectively plan a diet, you need to consider a number of factors that affect changes in calories and glycemic index. Among the main ones are:
Cooking in a slow stove is one of the acceptable ways to heat food.
- Method of cooking. The glycemic index of foods increases with heat treatment, especially if they are fried. Products should be baked, boiled or cooked in a light stove.
- Fiber properties. Consumption of fruit peels, cereals and beans will slow down the breakdown of glucose, preventing an increase in the glycemic index.
- Ripeness of fruits and vegetables. The more ripe the fruit, the more caloric it is.
What can you eat?
The initial stage of diabetes may not be complicated if the diet is strictly adhered to.
Here is a list of foods that can diversify your daily menu as much as possible:
- vegetable-based soups, as well as the first low-fat meat dishes 1-2 times a week;
- whole grain and bran bread;
- boiled, steamed or roasted chicken, turkey, rabbit, young beef;
- maximum dietary cooked seafood and low-fat fish: pink salmon, hake, pike;
- buckwheat, wheat porridge, oatmeal;
- low-fat milk and cottage cheese;
- 1 egg per day;
- vegetables and unsweetened fruits;
- homemade sauces from vegetables and dairy products;
- Desserts and meals for diabetics;
- any tea, coffee with milk, herbal teas (especially with the addition of rose hips), juices from fresh unsweetened fruit.
What not to consume?
People with high blood sugar will have to give up pasta.
Foods not recommended for diabetics are listed below:
- high-calorie desserts and pastries;
- chocolate and cocoa;
- jam, jam and honey;
- fresh and dried fruits rich in sugar, such as grapes and bananas, figs, raisins and dates;
- fatty meat dishes;
- animal fat;
- pasta, rice and semolina;
- smoked and canned;
- dairy products with a high percentage of fat and sugar;
- alcoholic beverages.
How to replace the damage?
Delicious and sweet foods should be excluded from the diabetes menu. But harmful products need a real replacement. Food for diabetics is the simplest alternative. Options for replacing banned products can be found on the shelves of regular stores and specialty stores. The table shows which healthy foods can replace the forbidden ones.
> zxtable border = "1" cellpadding = "0" >Table number 9
The diet includes drinking about 2 liters of water a day.
According to diet number 9, no more than 2, 400 calories are allowed per day. If translated into grams, it is equal to 85 g of protein, 80 g of vegetable fats and 300 g of carbohydrates. The diet for suspected diabetes mellitus should be physiologically balanced.
In diabetes and types 1 and 2, the daily water intake should be 2-3 liters in the amount of 30-40 mm per kilogram of body weight. It is recommended to use only purified water, without pathogenic microbes and bacteria.
Prolonged lack of clean water can lead to dehydration / dehydration. For diabetics, losing 25% of body fluids can be fatal.
In addition to pure water, diabetics can also use "mineral water". However, it may be different. Table versions with mineralization up to 1 g per liter may be drunk without restriction. They contain safe amounts of minerals. The "mineral water" dining room stimulates digestion and improves insulin absorption. Before use, open the bottle and wait for the gases to "escape" from it.
Sample menu
The diet for diabetics should be varied.
The best solution is to make a menu a week or a month in advance. But for starters this is a great way to get started. When compiling a menu, you should choose recipes for most diabetics. In addition, you can compile a weekly menu from the usual dishes. Proper daily nutrition will increase your chances of recovery. Below is an example of a menu for diabetes mellitus.
> zxtable border = "1" cellpadding = "0" >Main meals
Diabetics' breakfast should be plentiful, but overeating and eating heavy foods, which include grains and legumes other than buckwheat and oatmeal, are not worth it. You can make salads and mousses from fruits, berries and vegetables. Dairy products are also the basis for a good breakfast. Lightly fried zucchini in a light sour cream sauce will be a good appetizer.
A good lunch for diabetics will be soups made from mushrooms, vegetables, soups with cereals or beans, cooked in meat soup. As a main dish, you can eat porridge with salad or meat cutlet. The best salad dressing is olive, flaxseed or cedar oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Between meals, you can snack on lactic acid products with the addition of delicious fruit.
The evening meal should be light and nutritious. It is better to prepare a dish that will mainly consist of protein. Healthy lentils in combination with vegetables or salads from them are suitable for dinner for diabetics. If you want to eat late, you can drink a glass of warm milk, fermented milk or eat some low-fat cottage cheese before going to bed.
Other diet pills for diabetes
Table 8 is the best diet for overweight people with diabetes. But this diet is prescribed under the condition that there are no heart and gastrointestinal diseases. The goal of the diet is weight loss. Consumption of salt and food that causes appetite is reduced to a minimum. You also do not need to drink more than 1. 2 liters of water. Diet 8 allows you to consume no more than 1700 calories a day. These are 80 g of protein, 70 g of fat (one third of which is of plant origin), 150 g of carbohydrates and 6 g of salt.
Doctors recommend mastering the 5th table for patients with diabetes and concomitant liver and biliary tract diseases. The diet excludes fatty and fried foods, foods that contain cholesterol, essential oils, oxalic acid. It is allowed to bake food or cook, you can stew, but in exceptional cases. This diet helps to normalize the digestive tract, rejuvenate and slow down the development of diabetes.
With diet table number 10, you have to give up fatty foods.
For diabetics with heart pathologies, a diet that corresponds to diet 10. Developed Table 10 is designed to normalize blood circulation, heart rate and restore metabolic processes in patients with diabetes. The diet for diabetics prohibits fatty, salty foods, foods that irritate the nervous, circulatory system and gastrointestinal tract. Instead, you need to eat foods enriched with iodine, potassium, magnesium.
You can experiment with recipes by adding certain ingredients according to the permitted amounts.
Healthy recipes
Vegetable snack
Cut into larger pieces 400 g of white cabbage, 6 small tomatoes, 2 carrots, 2 medium onions and 3 fresh peppers. The obtained ingredients should be briefly simmered on a small amount of vegetable oil and on a medium heat. Serve as a separate dish. Delicious with poultry and veal or roasted fish. Season to taste.
Baked cabbage pancakes
Slice half a kilo of white cabbage, add parsley, dill, green onions, 1 tablespoon of kefir, 1 egg, 50 g of slightly salted cheese, 1 tablespoon of bran, flour (to the thickness of sour cream). Mix the obtained ingredients and leave in a cool place for 30 minutes. Then place the pancakes on a baking sheet and bake until golden brown at 180 degrees.